Dynamic To Static Languages
Which popular dynamic languages have static type systems?
language | lang created | type systems |
---|---|---|
Python | 1990 | Mypy (2012), Pytype (2015), Pyre (2018), Pyright (2019) |
JavaScript | 1995 | Closure Compiler (2009), TypeScript (2012), Flow (2014) |
PHP | 1995 | Hack (2014), PHPStan (2016), Psalm (2016), Hakana (2022) |
Ruby | 1995 | Sorbet (2017) |
Clojure | 2007 | Typed Clojure (2011) |
Groovy | 2003 | Groovy 2.0 (2012) |
Lua | 1993 | typed lua (2013), ravi (2015), teal lang (2019), Luau (2020) |
Perl | 1987 | Raku (2015) |
Julia | 2012 | |
Elixir | 2011 | dialyzer (2004), Gradualizer (2017) |
Erlang | 1986 | dialyzer (2004), Gradualizer (2017), Eqwalizer (2022) |
Racket | 1995 | Typed Racket (2008) |
Note: some of these dates are probably off.